The Honest to Goodness Truth on Chronological Essay Topics

The Honest to Goodness Truth on Chronological Essay Topics Though, there are specific patterns that you are going to follow when you compose a descriptive essay. A descriptive essay is a sort of essay which aims at aiding you to illustrate something to your reader in a manner which they can see, feel, or hear what it is you're referring to. For instance, an essay on the very first topic can tell your private story. However, it may also be based on your imagination. Writing a superb descriptive essay is basically giving a comprehensive explanation of a specific feature or phenomenon. What You Don't Know About Chronological Essay Topics If you are searching for tips about how to compose a descriptive essay, you've come to the correct spot. A descriptive essay conclusions should supply the reader with a mental picture of a certain matter. Basically, you simply select a topic that is simpler for you so you can paint palpable pictures in the mind of the reader. Mastering the th e inner workings of descriptive writing can help you paint an image with words. Maybe you'll need to rewrite whole paragraphs so they'd create more sense and convey the topic better. Perhaps the most crucial thing you must not forget is that you're expected to compose an essay instead of simply to describe something. 1 essential suggestion to bear in mind is that the very best topic for a very good descriptive essay is one which you are in possession of a deep connection with. There are a number of things you are able to write about as an author so you've got to choose if it is going to be about a place you've visited, a person who you know or something completely different. New Ideas Into Chronological Essay Topics Never Before Revealed When you begin choosing the topic, please assure that you're likely to write about something which will entice people's attention and grasp their interest. Sometimes you may require a small help in getting started. The ability to spell out something doesn't come easily for a good deal of individuals. With that personal connection, the capacity to write descriptively will be a lot easier. When you're working on your essay, you should select your topic carefully. Utilize our descriptive essay topics list to get the topic you want. To begin with, you should select the topic from the descriptive speech topics you're going to be interested in. There are a number of certain suggestions to pick a great descriptive essay topic. The topics are abstract because thus you might be in a position to locate your own approach better. If you are searching for topics for descriptive essays then there's a great likelihood that you're unsure of your abilities of how to compose a very good essay. The absolute most important thing here is to choose among the most effective descriptive essay topics, as failing to decide on a write topic will prevent you from turning in a fantastic essay. In fact, there are several descriptive essay topics out there that it's quite tough to choose only one. Chronological Essay Topics - Dead or Alive? If you would like more descriptive essay examples like the one added in the last section, there are numerous easy techniques to acquire high-quality samples of academic papers. In reality, you can describe a subject of any size and nature, but it's almost not possible to prepare a very good descriptive essay should you not really like it. Examine the source in which you have located the s ample. Descriptive essay samples can help you with writing a description of sensory details which are an essential portion of descriptive writing. The main purpose of a descriptive essay is to allow the reading audience understand and visualize the particular thing by improving the overall understanding of the topic. Seamlessly applying the new complex vocabulary learned in the present level is the proper method of exercising language abilities. You may also read your essay to other individuals to obtain their feedback. You'll get your essay in time and, ever since your satisfaction is guaranteed, you won't need to worry! The Chronological Essay Topics Cover Up It is tough to write customized essays mainly because you need to recognize the type initially and then determine how to proceed with this. Writing descriptive essay students need to be more personal and use their imagination to the complete extent. There are lots of subjects you're able to select from for a descript ive essay. Of all several types of essays a student may need to write, the descriptive one is unquestionably the easiest. The options are endless. At the right time of choosing a topic for your descriptive essay, you should continue to keep a few vital things in your thoughts. Having numerous topics in mind is going to be of help since you'll finally pick the ones which you own a lot to write about. Not merely it's ok to mix certain topics like events and memories, but in actuality, it's highly appreciated. Up in Arms About Chronological Essay Topics? It is essential to list the particular characteristics of the tornado there are several of them. The statement functions as the opening sentence and sets out the manner information relays in the remainder of the essay. When you choose the topic which suits you most, remember the reason you write your essay, concentrate on the most significant details to tell about in your text and don't neglect the value of senses and feelin gs in your essay. Enjoy the procedure for describing the subjectit may be a rewarding experience. Selecting the accurate descriptive essay topics is the most crucial portion of essay writing. A descriptive essay is an essay that's bound to supply some kind of detailed info on a specific subject. It is a short paper which is all about describing or summarizing a topic. A decent descriptive essay comes out of a knowledgeable and imaginative mind. Before writing, you've got to understand the subject of your essay! Make sure your essay follows a particular format, consisting of the correct partsA of essay. As you begin on your descriptive essay, it's important that you identify just what you wish to describe. Descriptive essay always includes creative writing, even when topic appears to be dull and boring at first.

The Slavery Of African Slaves - 913 Words

When the first slaves were taken from their homes in Africa and placed onto the ships to bring them to wherever they were destined, their freedom was taken away. One of the reasons that people were okay with this situation was because they viewed Black people as an inferior race. The slave codes stated, â€Å"Slaves were not considered men. They had no right to petition. They were ‘devisable like any other chattel.’†¦ The slave owed to his master and all his family a respect ‘without bounds, and an absolute obedience.’† (Du Bois, 10). W.E.B. Du Bois asserts that the slaves were seen as less than human. The slave owners and other White people saw slaves as animals ready to be sold off against their will. Slaves did not have the same rights as normal people, such as their own freedom. This view of slaves made it difficult for slaves to obtain their freedom, because people at the time saw Black people as property rather than human beings. Even after emancipation, Black people still experienced issues regarding their freedom. Although the Emancipation Proclamation granted Black Americans their freedom in 1863, they were not truly â€Å"free†. Billie Holiday sings in her song â€Å"Strange Fruit† that â€Å" Southern trees bear a strange fruit/ Blood on the leaves and blood at the root/ Black bodies swingin’ in the Southern breeze/ Strange fruit hangin’ from the poplar trees† (Holiday, 1939). In this song, Billie Holiday informs the listeners of the lynching that Black people experienced after theShow MoreRelatedThe Slavery Of African Slaves1906 Words   |  8 PagesThe inequities presented through the oppression of African slaves from 16th to 19th century Britain due to increased forms of slavery, highlight extremities relative to their mistreatment and the consequent need for betterment through the abolition movement. Increasing tension between racial populations as a result of the promotion of slave trade, increased through their mistreatment, evoked opposing movements from pro-abolitionists. Similarly, significant events and figures contributed greatly toRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Slaves1283 Words   |  6 PagesThe origin of slavery was not caused because of racism. As rice cultivation expanded in the South, movement of white indentured servants was declining due to the harsh conditions. Moreover, white landowners began to feel unsure about their dependence on white workers because of the scarcity of labor in the South. The importation of African slaves was a response to a growing demand for labor. Thus, slavery was the desire for white landowners to find a useful, stable workforce. Racism was created toRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Slaves Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagesfunction without the labor of the slaves and depended on them heavily for working the fields and running households. The treatment of black slaves is unjust and cruel. Families separated f rom loved ones, women, and men beaten regularly. Slaves received small rations of food, denied education, and could not travel without a note. There rights completely stripped that left them with little dignity. The day that President Lincoln declared that freeing the slaves was essential in winning the warRead MoreThe Slavery Of The African Slave Trade1280 Words   |  6 PagesBritish slave trading begun in the late sixteenth century and grew remarkably during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. As a woman in society, she faced challenges herself; however, she addressed the humanity of slaves as human beings and not by the color of their skin. She believed that â€Å"non whites† were equal to â€Å"whites† and deserved the same human rights. She wrote her famous piece, â€Å"Slavery, a Poem† during the abolitionist movement to persuade others to partake in the anti-slavery campaignRead MoreSlavery And The African Slave Trade1449 Words   |  6 Pages When I think of the African slave trade, I realize that over 10 million people were removed from that continent in less than 500 years. Some scholars believe it may be as large a number as 20 million. I would like to pose a few questions and attempt to answer them in this collection of writings and opinions. The evidence and historical documents will show some of the economic and social impacts the Slave Trade had on the African continent. Slavery has been around for the vast majority of human historyRead MoreThe Slavery Of African American Slaves1584 Words   |  7 Pageswork, and worry. A life resembling hell. African American slaves were forced to live without privileges, until they found a solution. Slaves found freedom in the church, where they could praise, sing and be happy. The church was a way to express their hardships and rationally deal with slavery (Du Bois, 115). The preacher was their â€Å"advocate† and someone they could relate to, and their feelings were in the music. The church was a place of security, where African Americans felt safe and comfortable (DuRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Slave Trade1039 Words   |  5 Pagesthe practiced slavery that took place in Africa. Slavery included stripping humans of their identities and classifying them as property, forcing them to obey their masters. The slaves had no rights and humanity had fled their thinking. Some even claimed slaves to be aliens even though they were not. Slave’s masters could do what ever they pleased with the slaves including, making them do their dirty work, striking them whenever they pleased and abusing their slave sexually. The slave had no defenseRead MoreAfrican Slavery And The Slave Trade Essay1795 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Slavery is the legalized economic activity under which people, especially the natives of a land, are treated as property by colonizers like the Spanish. Slavery was a system that lasted for many years before it was abolished and the Africans as well as the Indians went through a lot of suffering upon the hands of their masters. The slaves were meant to perform duties such as cultivation of the plantations, domestic chores and even mining activities and were on the constant watch ofRead MoreSlavery : A African American Slave1518 Words   |  7 Pageswas an African American slave that went through many hardships during his life just like any other slave. We look at slavery as a whole picture most of the time and don’t give very much thought to the political, economic, and racial factors that influence slavery, even in modern time. Of course, we know that slavery in the 1800’s was extremely racial in that only blacks were enslaved. However, looking at the statistics as w e talk about slavery, it has become widely apparent to me that slavery is largelyRead MoreThe European Slave Trade And Intra African Slavery1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe European slave trade and intra-African slavery began with different intentions and goals held in mind. Although, they also shared similar aspects and ideals shown through how they functioned and were run. Intra- African slavery began before the European slave trade came to exist; this unpopular fact shows the beginning of such a gruesome and detrimental act began by the people of Africa, which, later in time, is what fuels and strengthens the European slave trade. African slaves were once captured

Medea, Oedipus, and Romeo and Juliet free essay sample

A comparison between the characters in the plays and their family relationships. This paper compares the family relationships and intrigues between the main characters of these plays: Medea, Oedipus and Romeo and Juliet. The author claims that in each one of the plays mentioned above, the characters relationship with their family is driven by either love, hate and mistrust. The demise of Oedipus, Romeo and Juliet, and Medea greatly impacted their families. Conflicts within the families were used to produce drama and create suspense in all of the previously mentioned plays. In Oedipus, Sophocles used an oracle to predict the fate of a man who kills his own father and beds his mother. In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare creates conflict from two lovers who fall in love against their familys permission. In Medea, a family structure is tossed to the wind when the king chooses another bride. In all of these instances, the family played a critically role in carrying the play and the family was used to create suspense. We will write a custom essay sample on Medea, Oedipus, and Romeo and Juliet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

People Resourcing

The most valuable asset that any organization can be in possession of is the human resource of the organization. According to Jackson and Schuler (1990, p1), â€Å"human resource is a part of a strategic business planning.† There is therefore a necessity that there should be an organized procedure in obtaining and maintaining these valuable resources.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on People Resourcing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The role of a Human Resource Manager whether in a profit making or a non-profit-making organization is to ensure that the acceptable chord of conduct is executed during the selection of the employees and that the working conditions are conducive to encourage the employees. The morale of an employee is also boosted if during their selection, there was transparency. An employee bribed his way into a job will always be haunted for as long as he serves the company. To facilitate th is, there should be a strong relationship and co-ordination between the Human Resource management and the recruiting authority. The expanse of the personnel’s responsibility will depend on the kind of business an organization is carrying out (Johns Leatherbarrow 2005). The success of every organization depends on how well it manages its resources namely human, economic, and physical resources (Antwi, Analoui Cusworth, 2007). Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) focuses on the factors that can hinder the smooth process of employee selection. In particular, it addresses employee recruitment, the standard payment to be made, ways of promotion of the staff to higher ranks within the organization and ensuring good working environment. The influence of culture in a society, religious practices, race, ethnic diversity, sex as well as physical form some bases of discrimination in the selection of employees in an organization. However, the principles behind a successful strate gic human resource management are only applicable to developed nations and the implementation of these in third world countries may not be very efficient (Taylor 2005). For instance, the Human Resource Management principles in the United States do not advocate for collectiveness but rather emphasizes strongly on the theories of a free will. Provision of equal opportunity is essential in ensuring smooth and fair selection of employees into an organization. The equal opportunity in this context would encompass a wide range of factors. Firstly, there is need that, excellent publicity be made and in the right time to allow every potential candidate be able to make application. Giving very short deadlines for job application is a way of denying some individuals a chance and excluding those who may not have obtained the information at the right time. In effect, a potential applicant may be cut off the deadline forcing the organization or company to choose just from the available applicant s. This is not only a disadvantage to the applicant locked out but also to the organization that would have obtained better services (Taylor, 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Poor publicity has the same effect on the effective and unbiased selection of employees (Taylor, 2005). It includes use of a less popular means of communication in passing the information to the supposed recipients. In many cases, organizations have opted to use methods like internal advert probably to cut down the overall costs of selection of employees. The effect is that such information will only be available among the current employees of the organization who will instead take advantage of it. They will only inform their close allies like relatives and friends. A company will therefore comprise a chain of relatives and friends right from the top management positions to the bottom implementers . Such organizations have little or no development rates and in some instances that have been witnessed in the developing countries, they have been totally brought down to nothingness. A bank cashier whose father or uncle is the sales manager or branch manager in that branch may be reluctant to report on duty in time given the job security he has. A teacher in a learning institution whose friend or relative is the head of the institution may decide to boycott classes following little or know probable consequences. Thus, even the people that these organizations serve suffer the consequences of poor publicity of the job information by the organization. It is thus worth noting, and these organizations need to get this clearly, that what seems to be cheap is always very expensive. A job advertised on a local daily newspaper will reach a relatively wider area than those posted on the companies’ websites especially in the developing countries. It would be better still if an opportu nity were advertised over the radio. Secondly, equal opportunity on selection of employees is achieved by defining clearly, the requirements of a particular job when making the advertisement (Gold, Thorpe and Mumford, 2010). Following strictly the minimum qualifications specified here will ensure that the best out of the best applicants actually secure the job. However, a room has been always created to allow bribery and all sorts of corruption such that despite good publicity and subsequent receipt of qualified applications, the job ends up in the hands of less qualified individuals who would dance to the tunes of the recruiting authority. Unfortunately, in many developing countries in the world, this vice is not only experienced during the recruitment and selection of employees by an organization. It extends even to the selection of students into various programmes in various learning institutions. The effect, as has been witnessed, is the passing into job market, graduates who ar e not capable of implementing the real life applications of the theoretical concepts learned in class. This will always be a threat to a country’s economic, political, and even social growth and development (Gold, Thorpe and Mumford, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on People Resourcing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In ensuring fairness during the recruitment and subsequent selection of new employees, care need to be taken to avoid all forms of discriminations. As was asserted by Chan (n.d), a company or an â€Å"organization that sees the diversity of the workforce not as a liability but as an asset would indirectly help the organization positively in its stride some of the less aspects of the workforce diversity.† The discriminations could be based on age, gender, religion, physical disability, race, ethics and cultural beliefs and practices. The recruiting authority should understand that no society in the world, however small, exhibits homogenous characteristics. They should be aware of the diversity observed in religious beliefs, age, color, and culture. The presence of a minority group like the physically challenged should not be overlooked. Hofstede (2000) defined the culture of a particular community as â€Å"the collective mental programming that these people have in common: a programming that is different from that of other groups or nations.† In this context, the culture of a particular community or group is hard to alter particularly because it has been adopted by not an individual but a collection of people. Therefore, there should be flexibility to allow room for accommodating all types of culture to ensure fairness in the recruitment process. However, this should not be to the extent that it violates the current moral standards required in work place. The requirements like office etiquette have to be met in every office environment. It may not be a discrimination to deny a traditionalist tied to putting on skin clothes a chance to work in an international office serving a global interest. If absorbed into the organization, the new employee would be forced to quit his culture, at least during the working hours. It is the responsibility of the management to ensure that the employees are conversant with the current personnel policies and principles of a potential employee (McNamara n.d). In the current business environment, the recruiting managers are faced with this challenge, some of which have resulted from a mixture of two or more cultures. The culture of a group of people greatly influences those people’s religious beliefs and practices. The managers then need to be aware of the religious requirement of the people that are viable to be absorbed. Denying a Christian an opportunity in an organization run by Muslims simply due to the religious divide is unethical discrimination.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, in the event that allowing recruitment of such a person would be contrary to the nature of the job like the working days, then it would not be a discrimination to deny him the chance. This will be valid only to the extent that there were no other alternatives like working in shifts. Provision of such systems by the management ensures that the objectivity and fairness is achieved as early as the time of selection. The wise men had observed that disability is not inability. The managers, in designing their programs, should bear in mind the presence of different forms of disabilities that can be encountered in the region. As far as possible, these minority groups should not be exempted from these opportunities from as early as the time of issuing advert. Unless the nature of the job does not allow a particular kind of disability, the management should ensure that these people receive the information in the right and in the right medium through which it can be perceived well. A teaching job can be performed by those having various disabilities like blindness, deafness, lameness since there are possible mechanisms that can be used to aid them in performing their duties. Again, here, the organization needs to expand its resource to be able to accommodate these people. However, there jobs that require a lot of work force and which can only be performed by those that are physically fit. Exclusion of the crippled from such jobs should not appear as discrimination but rather a respect of one’s personality and status. Knowledge of existence of diversity in the language spoken by a group of people in a given society is an essential management tool to ensure that there is no bias in selection of employees. In a society that has more than one official language, publicity should be made in all the languages that are available. The management may even be required to use the local language to advertise a job that requires unskilled and semi-skilled labor. For i nstance, a Sugar Production Company located in the rural area may be required to use the local language to reach potential casual laborers. On the other hand, a job that is more official may only require the use of the official languages partly as a recruitment procedure. Unfortunately, the knowledge of diversity of language has been misused by many management authorities that have used it as a base for tribal and racial discrimination. The ages of people in a given society is yet another variant factor that the management should use as tool to avoid biasness. Depending on the nature of the jobs to be performed, the valid age limits starts from 18 years and above. The age of a person may determine his ability to perform a duty. For instance, those falling in the age bracket of the youth have potential to perform more tedious duties than the elderly does. Having the knowledge of age diversity helps the management determine the age requirement for each of the available jobs. The manag ement will thus be able to balance the jobs verses the ages to ensure equal distribution. However, the concept is also misused in some instances to form the basis of discrimination. The gender of an employee may determine the kind of job one is capable of performing. The management may use this to determine certain jobs that can be reserved to a particular gender to have some balance. The gender influences the area of interest of an individual. The feminine side is particularly taken to be weaker and can perform lighter duties compared to their masculine counterpart. As search, considering this diversity enables the management to distribute the available jobs among the sexes to avoid gender bias in the recruitment and selection process. Some companies and organizations have jobs that are reserved for a particular gender, and even for those jobs that gender was not specified, the selection criteria could employ gender balance. In general, it is the responsibility of the people Resour cing personnel to ensure fairness and objectivity by contributing to the â€Å"recruitment, selection, deployment and development of the employees who themselves add value to the organization individually and collectively† (Anon. n.d). The team should ensure communication for the success is as a fast as possible. In other words, they should maintain good relations even with the unsuccessful applicants Reference List Anon. N.d. People Resourcing. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Web. Antwi, K.B., Analoui, F. Cusworth, J.W., 2007. Human Resource Challenges Facing Decentralized Local Government In Africa: Empirical Evidence from Ghana. Web. Chan, A., N.d. The challenges of Human Resource Management. Web. Hofstede, G., 2000. Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Gold, J., Thorpe, R. and Mumford, A., 2010. Handbook of leadership and management development. Surr ey: Gower Publishing, Ltd. Jackson, S. E. and Schuler, R.S., 1990. Human resource planning: challenges for industrial/organizational psychologists. American Psychologist, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 223-239. Johns, T. Leatherbarrow, C., 2005. People Resourcing. Second Edition. NY: CIPD publishing. McNamara, C.: Free Management Library, n.d. Human Resource Management (and Talent management). Web. Taylor, S., 2005. People Resourcing. NY: CIPD Publishing. This essay on People Resourcing was written and submitted by user Blaze G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Open Book Paper essays

Open Book Paper essays Atomic spectroscopy is a chemical analysis technique and it is used to identify what elements are in a compound. It uses the idea of a photon being absorbed or emitted whenever an electron changes from one energy level to another. The diagram below shows sodium salt being sprinkled onto a flame and yellow light being emitted. Emission spectra are produced by thin gases in which the atoms do not experience many collisions (because of the low density). The emission of yellow light occurs because the electrons of the sodium salt have been promoted to a higher electronic energy state but have then fallen back down and emitted the energy as an electromagnetic wave, in the wavelength corresponding to yellow which is 600 nm. The more intense that the yellow band is the more abundant the sodium salt present. The diagram (left) shows an atomic excitation caused by the absorption of a photon and an atomic de-excitation caused by emission of a photon. In each case the wavelength of the emitted or absorbed light is exactly such that the photon carries the energy difference between the two orbits. This energy may be calculated by multiplying the Plank constant by the wavelength of the light. Thus, an atom can absorb or emit only certain discrete wavelengths (or equivalently, frequencies or energies). This diagram shows white light being shone through sodium vapour and the resulting spectra on a board. An absorption spectrum occurs when light passes through a cold, dilute gas and atoms in the gas absorb at characteristic frequencies; since the re-emitted light is unlikely to be emitted in the same direction as the absorbed photon, this gives rise to dark lines (absence of light) in the spectrum. Absorption spectroscopy can only be carried on a substance in solution or gaseous form. The presence of the dark band shows that the sodium vapour had absorbed t ...

Five ways your web writing is annoying your readers - Emphasis

Five ways your web writing is annoying your readers Five ways your web writing is annoying your readers Having a website is a wonderful thing: it allows you to confuse and  frustrate people thousands of miles away without ever having to hear their complaints. This makes it very hard to see what the problems are – and very tempting to pretend that they don’t exist. Your web pages don’t have to be like that. It all comes down to avoiding the five most common web-writing traps. Here’s how. Skip the happy talk Imagine stepping into a lift or elevator and hearing this announcement:  Ã¢â‚¬ËœThank you for entering this building’s lift. We’re pleased you’ve chosen the number one lift provider in this building. To select your desired floor, please use the illuminated buttons.’ Clearly ridiculous – yet a similar thing happens on many web pages:  Ã¢â‚¬ËœThank you for browsing our widgets. We are the market leaders in widgets and are dedicated to producing the best widgets for you. We’ve been making widgets since 1990. To browse our widgets, click on the links below.’ Web usability expert Steve Krug calls this kind of space-filling, meaningless text ‘happy talk’, and recommends a simple test to root it out: read it out loud. If you hear a quiet voice saying in your head ‘blah blah blah’, then it’s happy talk. In this example, the only potentially useful information is ‘To browse our widgets, click on the links below’. But if simple tasks such as browsing your site require instructions, there’s a very good chance that it’s not better phrasing you need, but more intuitive web design. Don’t be afraid of keeping text content to a minimum, if it makes things clearer. An excellent example of this is the Gov.uk site, which won the Design of the Year award in 2013. See the section for drivers as an example. There’s no happy talk or clutter, and all the links are self-explanatory. Answer the golden question Everyone visiting your web pages will have a need. This can range from the highly specific, such as a need to buy a particular product, to a vague need for distraction. You need to work out which of these needs also benefits your organisation, then tailor your website to meet them. This is hard because people can arrive in a bewildering variety of ways. Imagine a large shopping centre with an underground car park, an internal metro station, a bus-stop, a helipad, several pedestrian entrances – and, just for added complication, a few ladders leaning up against windows. Where do you greet the visitors, and how do you establish what they need? Website visitors can come from search engines, social media, reference by a friend, a link from a site, by directly typing the address into their browser after seeing an advert, or just from memory. You have no way of telling where the next one will come from, and no control over which page they see first. This means each page, by itself, needs to answer the golden question of web writing: ‘Am I in the right place?’ Within about five seconds. This is a hard test to pass. Try it for yourself: Get someone who isn’t familiar with your website to look at an important page. Ask them what they think that page is about after a few seconds. There’s a good chance you’ll be surprised by their answer. Go to FiveSecondTest.com (the free version is fine for this) and ask some anonymous people from the internet to do the same thing. If this all sounds too painful, try it on the sites of your competitors or similar organisations. You’ll be surprised at how many of them fail. This can be quite satisfying, but bear in mind that your site probably suffers from some of the same problems. People will tend to stay on your site if they think they’re in the right place – just as you’ll keep searching for what you need in a department store if you think you’re likely to find it. However, you’ll need to make sure they can find it reasonably swiftly, as anyone who’s ever stormed off in an empty-handed huff will attest. Be credible If Google is to be believed, the world is crammed full of ‘world leaders’, hundreds of thousands of them, all leading the world in something or other. A Google search for ‘world leader in the field of’ returns more than five million results. Phrases like this give no information and are not by themselves credible. They only take a few key strokes to type and anyone can claim them – and your readers know it. They will filter it out. This applies most obviously to marketing copy, where a handful of testimonials from satisfied people are worth more than anything, however wondrous, the company claims about itself. But it also applies in a more subtle way to non-marketing claims. For example, if you claim you are ‘always there to help’, then back it up by making your contact details easy to find. Make your headlines work The pressure on headlines is staggering, which makes writing them hard. But it doesn’t have to be, if you follow three rules: They must be informative. They’re the first thing the reader scans, and often the only thing they’ll bother to read, so they need to communicate essentially what the page is about. They need to be concise, to the point and short. And they have to be easy to understand for everyone in your target audience. So think twice before using industry-insider terms that a new customer may not understand. When writing a headline, keep in mind the golden question: ‘Am I in the right place?’ Your headline needs to answer that in as plain a way as possible. Gov.uk does well again here – its section covering areas as diverse as apprenticeships, school applications and university loans is summarised as ‘Education and learning’. It’s short, informative and easy to understand. The body copy (also very short) lets people know the detail. KISS with confidence Keeping it Short and Simple is a fundamental part of all professional writing, and it’s particularly important when you’re writing for the web. On the web, you’re always fighting to hold your audience’s attention (and to keep them away from the back button), so the shorter the sweeter. Also, your visitors will have different levels of English comprehension – some may have lower levels of literacy, including those for whom English is not a first language. Keeping it short and simple will help all the visitors to your site by making it easier to use and understand. This in turn increases trust, and helps your visitors achieve their goals quickly and simply. Bob’s your uncle Apply these five rules to your website, and you’ll soon see your communications becoming leaner, cleaner and more efficient. And while you may not be able to see your website visitors’ blood pressure lowering, you’ll soon start to witness the effects. When they realise they’re able to find what they’re looking for on your website quickly and easily, they’ll trust your organisation to be able to meet their needs with the same efficiency. To find out how to optimise your web writing for search engines, see  A beginner’s guide to keyword research.  For tips on how to keep it short and simple, see Three ways to tame your sentences and the  Power up with the active voice  video.

Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nutrition - Essay Example A closer look at my daily diet showed that I was not consistent in meeting the food requirements that are set in the basic food pyramid guide (health.stateuniversity.com, 2009). My diet varied highly from day to day, with very high-energy intake on day 2, followed by day 1. On day 3, there was a very drastic reduction in my food and energy intake to less than half of what I normally take. This was due to my busy school workload, which made me neglect the preparation of food for that day. The third-day food intake was sufficient to lower my daily average to 2200 cal day-1. However, my food intake was much higher than what I really needed considering my very low level of physical activity. Being relatively young, I still do not have a medical condition that will require an immediate change in diet, however there is a major discrepancy in my diet compared to the set guidelines. The food pyramid sets the minimum and maximum levels of food servings that are required from each of the different food groups namely cereals, vegetables, fruits, meats, dairy and sweets and oils. Servings were calculated based on standard recommendation (Healthy Eating Guide, 2001). The average number of servings was calculated from my diet and is presented in Appendix Table 2, Table 1, and Figure 1. On a weight basis, the meat group contributed the most to the daily energy intake, followed by the cereals group. The least contribution came from the vegetables (Figure 2). This was in agreement with the very large number of servings obtained from meat. Figure 3 presents the percentage of contribution of the different major nutrients to my diet. Carbohydrates make up more than half of my nutrients, while proteins and fats have almost equal contribution to the other half. Analysis of foods and how they affect our metabolism and health should be done by taking an overall picture of the whole. However,

Culture Concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Culture Concept - Essay Example In his exposition of the role of anthropology in the communication and explication of culture, Geertz emphasises the imperatives of cultural relativism. As he quite explicitly states in his Interpretation of Culture, the role of the anthropologist in the communication and exposition of culture is that of the ethnographer whose responsibility is to "first grasp and then render" (p. 10). Engagement in the "thick description" of culture is predicated on the anthropologist's assuming the role of an ethnographer and within the context of that role, to understand the culture's codes and symbols from the inside. The point here is, according to Geertz, that loci of culture are the hearts and minds of its natives and this imposes the imperatives of entering the hearts of minds in order to understand culture and communicate it, not from the anthropologist's subjective point of view but, "from the native's point of view" (Geertz, Local Knowledge, p. 56). Cultural relativism is the optimal approach, not just to the study of cultures but, to their accurate comprehension. Geertz's "thick description" of culture, which translates into understanding culture "from the native's point of view" implies the comprehension of cultures from an internal perspective.

Early Christian Architecture Essay Example for Free

Early Christian Architecture Essay Early Christian Architecture We have spoken of how one style of architecture develops from another, and we are now to look briefly at a form which is chiefly important as being a link in the chain of styles. There are not many important buildings of the Early Christian style. It came into being at a time when not much building was going on that is, during the early centuries of Christianity, and what good examples there are, are nearly all churches. During the first three centuries of the Christian era Christianity was under the ban of persecution, and there was not much chance for it to manifest itself in great architecture. But, early in the fourth century, Constantine became Emperor and was converted to Christianity. He made Christianity the State religion. Constantine founded three large basilicas in Rome, all of which have been buried or destroyed. The chief objects to be thought of in these churches was to build without too much cost, to do it quickly, and to accommodate large congregations. A great structural principle which they used in roofing, or spanning spaces, is the truss. This is a frame of beams, or of beams and rods, so disposed and fastened as to make a continuous support or bridge across an open space. The truss was used by the Romans in roofing their basilicas. CHIEF FEATURES As the great Romanesque style grew out of this early Christian architecture, let us look at the main features of the earlier and simpler style. Some of the most important of these features are preserved also in the Gothic church and we shall wish to see, as we very easily can see, how they grew out of this first early Christian style. The buildings of this style were simple in form, but of noble proportions, and, though very plain without, they were often gorgeous within. A notable circumstance about the early Christian work is the fact that its monuments were built largely from ruins and fragments quarried from earlier Roman work. No doubt much beauty was ruthlessly destroyed in this way. Before the Christian era Cato borrowed from the Greeks their hall of justice; the first one being erected in Rome about 190 years before Christ. These basilicas usually had a large hall connected with a portico, and encircling galleries often enclosed the whole. When Christianity became a State religion these buildings came to be used for religious purposes. The basilica always had a central aisle; and this nave or central portion was usually separated from the side aisles by rows of columns. At the further end of the nave was the sanctuary or apse, in front of which stood the altar. In front of the whole was usually an atrium or fore-court, surrounded by a covered arcade. The exterior was extremely plain, and the interior resplendent with marbles and mosaics. A wooden roof covered the edifice. Figure 29 is the ground plan of a basilica which will show us the general arrangement, although this basilica does not happen to be an old Roman example. Above the columns that surrounded the nave there usually arose another story called the clerestory (clear story), the walls of which were pierced with windows. This is a feature which persists through later styles, and it is interesting to see its simple and plain beginning. Some of the Egyptian temples had clerestories, but the European examples date back only to early Christian architecture.

Neurotheology: Which came first, God or the brain? :: Chemistry Neurotheology Papers

Neurotheology: Which came first, God or the brain? à ¬It feels like a loss of boundaryÃâ€"Ità ­s as if the film of your life broke and you were seeing the light that allowed the film to be projectedÃâ€"à ®: Michael Baime describes the sensations he experiences during Zen meditation. Michael is a subject of the brain imaging study performed by scientists Newburg and Dà ­Aquili to track neural activity during Zen meditation. Newburg and Dà ­Aquili wanted to find out which brain sections were most active during the meditative states achieved by Michael and his fellow subjects. (2). Which regions of the brain are most active during spiritual or mystical experiences? Can an understanding of the neuroscience of spirituality prove the existence of God? It can be difficult to unobtrusively track the neuronal activity of those in intense states of meditation or prayer without jolting them back into everyday perception. However, using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, or SPECT, scientists Newburg and Dà ­Aquili were able to track neuronal activity in skilled meditators without disturbing them. With an intravenous tube in their arm, each meditator focused intently on a single, usually religious image until they achieved their familiar meditative sense of à ¬onenessà ®. When each meditator felt this sense, they tugged on a string to alert the researchers, who then injected a radioactive tracer into the intravenous line. The tracer bound to the brain regions where blood flow was highest. A scanner then made a snapshot showing the regions with the most blood flow, which indicates neuronal activity. (3). Since the meditators were focusing intently, the Prefrontal Cortex, associated with attention, lit up. But more strikingly, the parietal lobes showed very little activity. Part of the cerebrum, the parietal lobes are associated with the orientation of the body in space and processing information about time and space. More specifically, the left superior parietal lobe creates the perception of the physical bodyà ­s boundaries. The right superior parietal lobe creates the perception of the physical space outside of the body. (3). Blocked off from neuronal activity, the parietal lobe cannot create a sensation of boundary between the physical body and the outside world, which may explain the meditatorsà ­ sense of à «onenessà ­ with the Universe. Since the parietal lobes were also unable to perform their usual task of creating our linear perception of time, meditators achieved a sensation of infinity and timelessness.

Justice vs Mercy

Justice is the most fundamental requirement of a properly functioning, civilized society. An unwavering system of cause and effect that apply to all members is exactly what human beings need to ensure peaceful living. As the events and characters of Shakespeare’s King Lear clearly indicate, mercy is extremely important in dealing with problems in society, but justice should be the standard by which people are governed in dealing with crimes, however harsh it may seem.Man needs to fear the consequences of his actions because if there are no undesired repercussions, he will follow his baser desires to no limit. When there is a strict system of justice in place that applies to all members of society, fewer crimes will be committed as a result of public punishments. Also, there is a system of karma that we already see in place. If justice is not served by the law, some form of justice comes around to the perpetrator from a higher power. Therefore, in dealing with crimes in society as a whole, the use of justice should dominate the use of mercy.I believe that human nature is to be content with virtue. However, there is also a part of us that is desirous of evil. It is that lower, deeper part of our desires that gives us pleasure in doing things that we know are harmful to ourselves and those around us. Most people will tell you they follow a certain moral conduct because of the virtue of their character, but only a certain percentage of those people actually speak the truth. The rest, only do so for fear of consequences.This is exactly the reason why people behave well in front of others, while they do many undesirable things when they are alone. If there is no fear of the legal repercussions of one’s actions, the majority of the population will not be able to control that inner monster who is only satiated with evil and destruction. As Albany, the son-in-law of King Lear so eloquently puts it: â€Å"If that the heavens do not their visible spirits | Send quickly down to tame these vile offences, | It will come,| Humanity must perforce prey on itself, |Like monsters of the deep. (IV, ii, 46-49). He is saying that if some form of justice is not dished out, the world would turn into a wild and savage place. Therefore, a system of justice that allots punishments that are equal in degree to the crimes committed is needed to keep people in check. Also, the system of justice that we just spoke about should be unwavering for each and every individual in society, no matter the rank or position of that person. King Lear himself says, â€Å"†¦Through tattered clothes small vices do appear; /Robes and furred gowns hide all.Plate sin with gold, /And the strong lance of justice hurtless breaks; / Arm it in rags, a pygmy’s straw does pierce it† (IV, vi, 167-169) Here, he is complaining of the sad state that the justice system is in. There is a huge amount of unfairness that happens when judging the rich and the poor for the same offence. Poor people suffer a lot more for their petty crimes, while the rich can get away with the worst things by paying off the right people. What King Lear concluded hundreds of years ago, is still the sad state of our society today.The justice system is so corrupt that people in higher positions of power that are tried and proven guilty of horrendous crimes sometimes get the same amount of prison time as a small scaled armed robbery. An example of this is when pictures leaked of physical and emotional torture and sadistic killings conducted by a certain general and the 6 other people on his team in a prison in Iraq. A lot of the people that were there were taken from the streets and happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time and had no knowledge of the terrorist forces.These people were detained and every time they were to be ‘questioned’, they would be taken to a room, stripped naked, beaten, put into stress positions and have a number of other thin gs done to them that are too gruesome to speak of. These American soldiers took pictures of all the things that went on. These pictures were ultimately how they got caught. Even with all that proof, the largest sentence that was given out was for 10 years to the general and sentences ranging from 6 months to a couple of years to the 6 other members that were involved.This is how unfair the justice system is in North America. If a society was to be created where all members are actually treated the same, there would be less crime in that society as a whole as everyone would know they cannot get away with anything. Lastly, justice is such that what goes around, comes around. I believe in karma as it is often apparent in life. Sometimes, the return is not of equal degree to the action, but in the end, you reap what you sow.This is what Albany means when he says, â€Å"This shows you are above,/ You justicers, that these our nether crimes/ So speedily can venge†. (IV, ii, (78-80) He is expressing his gratitude to the Gods for the death of Cornwall for his horrible crimes. I am also of the opinion that God will even out the forces of evil when He sees fit. Therefore, we should establish the ideal system of justice and stick with it in the correct manner. If crimes are committed by us, we should accept the punishment agreed on by the society or a stronger and worst punishment may come our way from someone else.In conclusion, to ensure a society in which crime is curbed as much as possible, a proper, strict justice system needs to be established that is equal in its dealings with all classes of people. This is the only way to ensure the control of human desire as there is no telling what a person might do to harm themselves and others without rules to govern them. References: 1)Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Toronto: Signet Classic Shakespeare, 1998. 2)Ghosts of Abu Ghraib. dir. Rory Kennedy, 2007.

Crap on a stick

Modern adaptations of Oliver Twist' have highly lacked In detail and In context making Charles Dickens' original novel a better text. Big film Industries have tried to make their Oliver Twist movies as interesting as they possibly could to entertain a wide variety of audiences, many agree that these ‘remakes' are entertaining but it is Dickens who displays characterization, setting and plot in a far more in-depth way to ensure that his work remains the best.Overall, modern remakes of Oliver Twist fail to capture the audience's attention as much as Charles Dickens' classic did. Argument 1 – Characterization Dickens and Glycerol both portray Oliver Twist as a young and feeble pauper, but It is Dickens' expert use of Victorian aged language and vocabulary that takes the reader to a whole new universe when imaging Oliver or any other character.Geodesic represents Oliver precisely how it is written in the book, yet Goodlier describes him in a way that can be easily interprete d by young audiences, her way of depicting Oliver can be understood by younger viewers but Dickens' original description of Oliver overruns any other film reinvention portrayal. This can be clearly seen when; the actor of Oliver Twist (TV series, 2007) Is flirts Introduced, originally In the manuscript Oliver is described as a â€Å"young, pale and thin individual† (Dickens.C ‘Oliver Twist', pig 5) but Geodesy's representation of Oliver portrays him as a young child who does not seem physically ill and is actually seen quite healthy even though it is clearly written in the book that he was a thin child. The characterization of a character In a film should be the same as the one given in the text, Glycerol's TV rise falls to execute how Oliver Is depicted In the novel and shows a boy who does not look like he is suffering from malnutrition but in fact shown a child who is rather healthy.Therefore, Dickens' way to describe Oliver provides highly more descriptive features than Coeditor's TV series. Argument 2- Setting The setting within Coeditor's 2007 Oliver Twist TV series shows the Victorian times to be quite luminous and glary, but in fact Dickens' novel specifies that the weather was dark and blustery. In the Victorian Era, it was very rare to have a sunlit day, most molly; the weather In London was very wet and foggy, Glycerol's TV series has shown us that the conditions in the Victorian period were ‘sunny with a chance of a light shower'.Evidence of this can be clearly seen when Dickens wrote â€Å"the weather is rarely kind to the slums of London. † (Dickens C. ‘Oliver Twist' Chapter the Eighth pig. 68) Goodlier could have effortlessly used this information to make her TV series realistic in context and In setting. Dickens text has a realistic setting and makes It unsuccessfully as she has made the lighting and weather more suitable for camera thou considering how it is written and described in the novel. Clearly, Goodlier should have referred back to Dickens' ‘Oliver Twist' when directing the setting for her TV series.Argument 3 – Plot/Storyline Dickens' adept knowledge of descriptive language and vocabulary make his text exceedingly detailed and allow the reader to use their imagination when exploring though the non-fictional world of ‘Oliver Twist'. Dickens extensive use of detail within ‘Oliver Twist' makes the plot clearer to understand so the reader finds less trouble to empowered with the book, Geodesic attempts to apply this to her TV series but instead of using detail within the storyline she makes the whole series succinct so the viewer only gets a faint picture and not the whole overview like Dickens' classic does.One incident of this occurs when, Dickens wrote â€Å"five pounds to anyone who takes this boy from our hands said Mr. Bumble†, (Dickens C. Chapter the fourth pig. 30) this clearly states that Mr. bumble was going to pay someone five pounds, yet, in Coeditor's TV series Mr. bumble is shown charging Mr. Sugarberry money for the poor ay.This evidence is a clear example that Goodlier applies little knowledge about the book into her show, not knowing this crucial information can leave the audience with the understanding that Mr. Bumble charged Mr. Sugarberry when he should have given him the five pounds. Therefore, Goodlier has enforced little detail within her storyline which could in some instance confuse viewers. Conclusion Overall, an examination of the characters, setting and plot indicate that Dickens' original novel supersedes any other film remakes and adaptations.It is obvious that Dickens' effective way to show language, his knowledge of characterization and his capability create a world that explores the history of the Victorian Era in such a way that draws the reader to want to know more about those times and as well as the great story of ‘Oliver Twist'. Even Coeditor's succinct TV series could not match the powe r of Dickens' in depth understanding of the Victorian period. It is evident that, Dickens' authentic masterpiece ‘Oliver Twist' overrules any other contemporary film reinventions and alterations.

Free Essays on Marcus Garvey

Marcus Garvey, was born in Jamaica in 1887 and is considered to be the father of the Black Nationalism Movement. During the early 1900’s, after reading Booker T. Washington’s Up From Slavery, Garvey pledged to organize Blacks throughout the world with an agenda of Black unity and pride. Moreover, Garvey achieved his greatest influence in the Untied States where there was a growing ambition among Blacks for justice, wealth, and a sense of community. From the time of World War I, up until the mid-1920’s, Gravey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association(UNIA) was the largest Black organization in African-American history. An estimated million men and women from the United States, the Caribbean, and Africa belonged to it. When Garvey arrived in the United States in March 1916, the Black populace was about to suffer a severe blow that would make them ideal candidates for Gravey’s movement. During the Reconstruction period that followed the American Civil War, many African-Americans lost faith in the American political process. They were promised many reforms and reparations that were never realized. However, World War 1 bought a new sense of prosperity to blacks because they felt they had a second chance to prove themselves as well as attain their piece of the proverbial American pie. Implementing Alger’s philosophy which states â€Å"...heroes prove themselves through inspired acts of heroism and devotion,† many blacks believed if they fought in World War I, it would deliver them their second emancipation1 . Nonetheless, after entering the war, African-Americans were subjected to segregation, indignities in training camps, and assigned to labor battalions far out of proportion to their skills and intelligence2 . In addition, black soldiers were told that when they return home they should not expect the same privileges they enjoyed aboard. When the war ended in 1919, the African-American community was outraged. Their soldiers were... Free Essays on Marcus Garvey Free Essays on Marcus Garvey Marcus Garvey, was born in Jamaica in 1887 and is considered to be the father of the Black Nationalism Movement. During the early 1900’s, after reading Booker T. Washington’s Up From Slavery, Garvey pledged to organize Blacks throughout the world with an agenda of Black unity and pride. Moreover, Garvey achieved his greatest influence in the Untied States where there was a growing ambition among Blacks for justice, wealth, and a sense of community. From the time of World War I, up until the mid-1920’s, Gravey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association(UNIA) was the largest Black organization in African-American history. An estimated million men and women from the United States, the Caribbean, and Africa belonged to it. When Garvey arrived in the United States in March 1916, the Black populace was about to suffer a severe blow that would make them ideal candidates for Gravey’s movement. During the Reconstruction period that followed the American Civil War, many African-Americans lost faith in the American political process. They were promised many reforms and reparations that were never realized. However, World War 1 bought a new sense of prosperity to blacks because they felt they had a second chance to prove themselves as well as attain their piece of the proverbial American pie. Implementing Alger’s philosophy which states â€Å"...heroes prove themselves through inspired acts of heroism and devotion,† many blacks believed if they fought in World War I, it would deliver them their second emancipation1 . Nonetheless, after entering the war, African-Americans were subjected to segregation, indignities in training camps, and assigned to labor battalions far out of proportion to their skills and intelligence2 . In addition, black soldiers were told that when they return home they should not expect the same privileges they enjoyed aboard. When the war ended in 1919, the African-American community was outraged. Their soldiers were... Free Essays on Marcus Garvey Marcus Garvey was born on august 17, 1887 in St. Ann’s bay, Jamaica. He attended school but because of his family situation of poverty he had to quit school and get a job as an apprentice in his god fathers print shop. It was at the print shop where he became aspired to become a Forman at the print shop, and after the earthquake in 1907 he went on strike with the workers for better pay even though he did not have to. As a result Marcus was fired and then picked up by the Jamaican government to be a printer. During this time their was a lot of problems in the country because most of the people could not vote and there was a large out cry for the right to vote and the only people who were able to vote were rich land owners. The people were mad at the british control of the country and wanted Jamaica to be and independent country. Because of this many Jamaicans went abroad to work for better money, and marcus decided to travel around the Caribbean. Garvey returned to Jamaica in 1 912, and left shortly after to visit his sister in London and also to further studies and become well-educated so that he could attend a university. While in London Garvey meet up with pan African movement leaders and other black freedom leaders. The leaders taught him about the rich history of the race. Although Marcus was born in Jamaica, he achieved his greatest success in the United States. As a young man, Marcus, political protest, advocating loyalty to the established colonial government. Garvey established the first American branch of the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) in 1917 in the midst of the mass migration of blacks from the Caribbean to cities of the North. It was also a time for political awakening in the Africa and the Caribbean, to which marcus encouraged the export of his movement. In the era of global black awakening following World War I, Garvey became the best known, the most controversial, and for many the most attractive of... Free Essays on Marcus Garvey In 1914 Marcus Mosiah Garvey started the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in Jamaica. UNIA was started to help promote blacks in everyone’s eyes so that they wouldn’t have to be â€Å"at the mercy of white people.† (Kanet.org 7) Garvey wanted blacks to set up their own nation. In 1916, he moved the UNIA headquarters to Harlem, New York. Marcus Garvey was one of the most influential leaders of his time because he started the Universal Negro Improvement Association, advocated black unity, preached self-reliance, and was the black peoples’ spokesman. Marcus Garvey started UNIA because he wanted blacks to have pride in themselves and to be treated fairly. UNIA’s aim was shown through its motto: â€Å"One God! One aim! One destiny!† (Kasnet.org 9) The motto basically meant that all the blacks were aiming at one goal and they were destined to get it. Weekly meetings and night classes were held by UNIA to help blacks that had no high school education. Garvey also tried prompting educated blacks to volunteer their time to teach others. Not many helped because they didn’t want to be labeled as â€Å"Negro.† (Kasnet.org 6) Many weren’t proud of who they were because of how society treated them. As a result, they tried to escape the discrimination by ignoring who they were and where they came from. The main part of Garvey’s plan was to focus on self-reliance. Garvey didn’t want blacks to depend on whites; he wanted blacks to set up their own nation in Africa. Garvey developed a plan called the Liberia Plan. This plan was negotiated between UNIA and the government of Liberia to buy land and settle people from all around the U.S. The Liberian government first agreed, but before the settlers arrived they changed their minds. This sudden change was mainly done because the Liberian government became aware of the uproar that Garvey was causing in the U.S. with his preachings. In 1920, UNIA held its First International Co...

The History of Human Interactions with Caribou

The History of Human Interactions with Caribou Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus, and known as caribou in North America), were among the last animals domesticated by humans, and some scholars argue that they still arent fully tame. There are currently about 2.5 million domesticated reindeer located in nine countries, and about 100,000 people occupied in tending them. That accounts for about half the total population of reindeer in the world. Social differences between reindeer populations show that domestic reindeer have an earlier breeding season, are smaller and have a less-strong urge to migrate than their wild relatives. While there are multiple subspecies (such as R. t. tarandus and R. t. fennicus), those subcategories include both domestic and wild animals. That is likely the result of continued interbreeding between domesticated and wild animals, and support of scholars contentions that domestication took place relatively recently. Reindeer Key Takeaways Reindeer were first domesticated in eastern Russia between 3000–1000 years agoThere are about 5 million reindeer on our planet, about half are domesticated todayArchaeological evidence shows reindeer were first hunted by humans during the Upper Paleolithic of about 45,000 years agoThe same species are called caribou in North America Why Domesticate a Reindeer? Ethnographic evidence from pastoral peoples of the Eurasian Arctic and Subarctic (such as the Sayan, Nenets, Sami, and Tungus) exploited (and still do) the reindeer for meat, milk, riding, and pack transport. Reindeer saddles used by ethnic Sayan appear to be derived from horse saddles of the Mongolian steppes; those used by Tungus are derived from Turkic cultures on the Altai steppe. Sledges or sleds drawn by draft animals, also have attributes that appear to be adapted from those used with  cattle or horses. These contacts are estimated to have occurred no longer ago than about 1000 BCE. Evidence for the use of sledges has been identified as long ago 8,000 years ago during the Mesolithic in the Baltic Sea basin of northern Europe, but they were not used with reindeer until much later. Studies on reindeer mtDNA completed by Norwegian scholar Knut Rà ¸ed and colleagues identified at least two separate and apparently independent reindeer domestication events, in eastern Russia and Fenno-Scandia (Norway, Sweden, and Finland). Substantial interbreeding of wild and domestic animals in the past obscures DNA differentiation, but even so, the data continue to support at least two or three independent domestication events, probably within the past two or three thousand years. The earliest event was in eastern Russia; evidence for domestication in Fenno-Scandia suggests that domestication may not have occurred there until as late as the Medieval period. Reindeer / Human History Reindeer live in cold climates, and they feed mostly on grass and lichen. During the fall season, their bodies are fat and strong, and their fur is quite thick. The prime time for hunting reindeer, then, would be in the fall, when hunters could collect the best meat, strongest bones and sinews, and thickest fur, to help their families survive the long winters. Archaeological evidence of ancient human predation on reindeer includes amulets, rock art and effigies, reindeer bone and antler, and the remains of mass hunting structures. Reindeer bone and antler and artifacts made from them have been recovered from the French Upper Paleolithic sites of Combe Grenal and Vergisson, suggesting that reindeer were hunted at least as long ago as 45,000 years. Mass Reindeer Hunting Rock art of Alta (UNESCO World Heritage Site), petroglyphs in the Alta Fjord, Norway.   Ã‚  Manuel ROMARIS / Moment / Getty Images Two large mass hunting facilities, similar in design to desert kites, have been recorded in the Varanger peninsula of far northern Norway. These consist of a circular enclosure or pit with a pair of rock lines leading outward in a V–shape arrangement. Hunters would drive the animals into the wide end of the V and then down into the corral, where the reindeer would be slaughtered en masse or kept for a period of time. Rock art panels in the Alta fjord of northern Norway depict such corrals with reindeer and hunters, substantiating the interpretation of the Varanger kites as hunting corrals. Pitfall systems are believed by scholars to have been used beginning in the late Mesolithic (ca. 5000 BCE), and the Alta fjord rock art depictions date to approximately the same time, ~4700–4200 cal  BCE. Evidence for mass kills involving driving reindeer into a lake along two parallel fences built of stone cairns and poles has been found at four sites in southern Norway, used during the second half of the 13th century CE; and mass kills conducted this way are recorded in European history as late as the 17th century. Reindeer Domestication Scholars believe, for the most part, that it is unlikely that humans successfully controlled much of reindeer behavior or affected any morphological changes in reindeer until about 3000 years ago or so. It is unlikely, rather than certain, for a number of reasons, not the least because there is no archaeological site which shows evidence for the domestication of reindeer, at least as yet. If they exist, the sites would be located in the Eurasian Arctic, and there has been little excavation there to date. Genetic changes measured in Finnmark, Norway, were recently documented for 14 reindeer samples, consisting of faunal assemblages from archaeological sites dated between 3400 BCE to 1800 CE. A distinct haplotype shift was identified in the late medieval period, ca. 1500–1800 CE, which is interpreted as evidence of a shift to reindeer pastoralism. Why Werent Reindeer Domesticated Earlier? Why reindeer were domesticated so late is speculation, but some scholars believe that it may relate to the docile nature of reindeer. As wild adults, reindeer are willing to be milked and stay close to human settlements, but at the same time they are also extremely independent, and dont need to be fed or housed by humans. Although some scholars have argued that reindeer were kept as domestic herds by hunter-gatherers beginning the late Pleistocene, a recent study of reindeer bones dated from 130,000 to 10,000 years ago showed no morphological changes in reindeer skeletal material at all over that period. Further, reindeer are still not found outside their native habitats; both of these would be physical marks of domestication. In 2014,  Swedish biologists Anna Skarin and Birgitta Ã…hman reported a study from the reindeers perspective and conclude that human structures- fences and houses and the like- block the reindeers ability to range freely. Simply put, humans make reindeer nervous: and that may very well be why the human–reindeer domestication process is a difficult one. Recent Smi Research Indigenous Smi people began reindeer husbandry by the Medieval period, when the reindeer were used as a food source, but also for traction and carrying loads. They have been interested and actively involved in several recent research projects. Evidence for physical changes in reindeer bones caused by humans using them for load-pulling, carrying and riding has been investigated recently by archaeologists Anna-Kaisa Salmi and Sirpa Niinimki. They examined skeletons of four reindeer reported to have been used for traction, and while they did identify some evidence of patterned skeletal wear and tear, it was not consistent enough to be clear evidence without additional support for the reindeers use as a draft animal.   Norwegian biologist Knut Rà ¸ed and colleagues investigated DNA from 193 reindeer samples from Norway, dated between 1000 and 1700 CE. They identified an influx of new haplotypes in reindeer who died in the 16th and 17th centuries. Rà ¸ed and colleagues believe that likely represents trade in reindeer, as the annual winter Smi trading markets including traders from the south and east into Russia were instituted by then.   Sources Anderson, David G., et al. Landscape Agency and Evenki-Iakut Reindeer Husbandry Along the . Human Ecology 42.2 (2014): 249–66. Print.Zhuia River, Eastern SiberiaBosinski, Gerhard. Remarks on the Grave above Burial 2 at the Sungir Site (Russia). Anthropologie 53.1–2 (2015): 215–19. Print.Ingold, Tim. From the Masters Point of View: Hunting . Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 21.1 (2015): 24–27. Print. IsSacrificeOShea, John, et al. A 9,000-Year-Old Caribou Hunting Structure beneath Lake Huron. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.19 (2014): 6911–1015. Print.Rautio, Anna-Maria, Torbjà ¶rn Josefsson, and Lars Ãâ€"stlund. Sami Resource Utilization and Site Selection: Historical Harvesting of Inner Bark in Northern Sweden. Human Ecology 42.1 (2014): 137–46. Print.Rà ¸ed, Knut H., Ivar Bjà ¸rklund, and Bjà ¸rnar J. Olsen. From Wild to Domestic Reindeer – Genetic Evidence of a Non-Native Origin of Reindeer Pas toralism in Northern Fennoscandia. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 19 (2018): 279–86. Print. Salmi, Anna-Kaisa, and Sirpa Niinimki. Entheseal Changes and Pathological Lesions in Draught Reindeer Skeletons–Four Case Studies from Present-Day Siberia. International Journal of Paleopathology 14 (2016): 91–99. Print.Skarin, Anna, and Birgitta Ã…hman. Do Human Activity and Infrastructure Disturb Domesticated Reindeer? The Need for the Reindeer’s Perspective. Polar Biology 37.7 (2014): 1041–54. Print.Willerslev, Rane, Piers Vitebsky, and Anatoly Alekseyev. Sacrifice as the Ideal Hunt: A Cosmological Explanation for the Origin of Reindeer Domestication. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 21.1 (2015): 1–23. Print.

Baroque and Classical and the modern song Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Baroque and Classical and the modern song - Essay Example â€Å"Black Star shows off the many facets of Yngwie’s singular style† (Walster 95). Yngwie writes following the musical theory’s rules and the Baroque counterpoint. A very good example of his style of writing is the song â€Å"Black Star† from his debut LP Rising Force, that reflected many examples of Baroque and classical writing. â€Å"Black Star† has a form that adjusts into the A B A C A B A, though the ending of the song is improvised in that the song does not get back to A after the second B section. Instead, the song reaches the end with the improvisation of C section. Numerous facets of Yngwie’s guitar playing reflect in the song â€Å"Black Star†. The song starts with a prelude that, in a way, is suggestive of Bouree of Bach in the E minor. The harmony becomes reminiscent of the standard chamber music when it comes in with guitars, though the fact that the song is played with the electric guitars brings in the difference. At the end of the passage, there is an exposition which employs the use of volume swelling along with an echo effect and volume knob that releases the sound like spiccato that is a technique of classical violin. The theme melody of the song â€Å"Black Star† is based upon a mode of E harmonic. The song proceeds toward the B key that is the dominant, and provides an example of yet another gesture of the Baroque-classical harmonic used by Yngwie. Yngwie plays the piece quite symmetrically that makes him mimic the classical violin. In addition to that, Yngwie played bass line in â€Å"Black Star†.

Alternative energy sourses Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Alternative energy sourses - Research Paper Example If oil remains the world's pre-eminent source of energy in the coming years, it would make the problem worse for the whole world (Stern, 2007). The best course of action to resolve or reduce the danger of human’s oil dependence is an issue of much discussion and dissention (Green, 2007). Sustainable energy sources are the best option for decreasing oil dependence and this should be encouraged or even mandated. The problem of oil dependence World energy demand has been increasing continually and is projected to increase further. Despite increases in world oil prices, hydrocarbon fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas have been used primarily thus far to supply this increasing energy demand. There are a variety of dangers that result from this dependence according to Newman (2002). Because the last known major oil reserves that haven't been depleted are in the Middle East, the oil-consuming world is dependent on the Persian Gulf for oil, Which leaves oil consuming cities and co untries with a deep-seated feeling of vulnerability. US cities are especially vulnerable as they have an average consumption of 431 gallons of gas per person as compared with European cities using an average of 133 gallons per person (Newman, 2002). There are many different views on problem with dependence on oil. One very important theoretical approach to dealing with the problem is that certain actions should be supported by Federal legislation i.e. development of more alternative energy sources. Alternative Energy Sources The Alternative Energy Institute (AEI) is a leading authority on developing alternative sources of energy and they provide extensive information about various new alternative sources of power that are being developed. The main alternative power sources being used in the U.S. are solar power, hydrogen fuel cells, wind power, hydropower, geothermal power, biomass and tidal power (Green, 2007) The Alternative Energy Institute's about solar power are very positive. They observe that in a 24-hour period the sun provides more energy than the human race can use in the next 27 years (Riley and McLaughlin, 2001). Solar power has been being developed for over one hundred years. However, most of the development has taken place in the last thirty years since the first practical solar cells were developed in the early 1970's. AEI notes that solar power has tremendous potential, but what has caused this clean and renewable energy resource to not get the highest priority has been its cost. Coal and oil have been less expensive and this cost difference has precluded solar power from growing like it could (Riley and McLaughlin, 2001). Hydrogen and Fuel Cell technology also is of interest to the alternative energy institute. Hydrogen is the most abundant element on earth and it has potential to propel planes, trains, automobiles, etc.(Elliott, 2003). It has been used in NASA manned flights since 1965. However, it will take years of research and development before this clean renewable energy source may revolutionize the transportation industry. Fuel cells have the benefits of being produced in country instead of being imported, affect the most oil-dependent transportation area and can dramatically reduce health hazards from automobile exhaust. Automakers from Japan, Europe and America are diligently working to perfect this technology. However, a limitation of hydrogen is that it requires energy to free it from water or other resources that contain it. Besides that, it also needs twice as much energy to produce

MILITARY DISCRIMINIATION ON BLACKS DURING THE RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD Thesis Proposal

MILITARY DISCRIMINIATION ON BLACKS DURING THE RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD - Thesis Proposal Example t the outset for their right to bear arms; however the discrimination against them continued even into the war and into measures that were instituted later to put into practices the objective of the Civil War and integrate them into the mainstream. As Frederick Douglass stated: "Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letter, U.S., let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, there is no power on earth that can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship." (www.archives.gov). The fact that these blacks had fought in the military and supported the noble cause of their nation by bearing arms should have itself counted a great deal towards ensuring that they were treated as equal citizens in American society. However, as the detailed account below shows, America during and after the Civil War was a racially segregated society, in which blacks had been demeaned for generations. The measures instituted to achieve equality were therefore not always successful, rather the discrimination and segregation which had already existed in society continued on even during the reconstruction period. While the objective of federal legislation and constitutional amendments were the achievement of equality, the actual practice lay in the hands of the local and state Governments, which perhaps serves to explain why the discrimination in the military and towards black soldiers continued on in the reconstruction period. A notable example of military discrimination may be noted in the GI bill, which purportedly provided educational opportunities for black soldiers to advance themselves and improve their prospects. Humes (2006) gives the example of a young black American named Monte Posey, who had suffered a disappointment in his military career when his elite training as a fighter pilot came abruptly to an end after Hiroshima and Nagasaki, because military aviators had become superfluous. Posey had been offered two

Child Labor in Lebanon

Child Labor in Lebanon Since many years, child labor has been a serious problem that a lot of organizations were trying to deal with. In fact Lebanon is one of the countries suffering from this issue, especially in poor surroundings of the main cities and in rural districts. According to Kofi Annan(1999), Child labor has serious consequences that stay with the individual and the society for far longer than the years of childhood. Young not only face dangerous work conditions. They face long term physical, intellectual and emotional stress. They face an adulthood of unemployment and illiteracy. Few human rights abuses are so widely condemned, yet so widely unnoticed For these purposes Im against child labor, and I think its the responsibility of the government to help working children. According to UNICEF response to child employment, Child labor is reported as one of the social problems in Lebanon. There are about 3163 children aged 10-13 years that work in Lebanon, while the number of those looking for work in this age group is 1947. These represent respectively 1.2% and 0.7% of the total population in that age group. On the other hand, there are 28786 working children aged 14-17 years and 9525 of that same age group looking for work, representing 10.9% and 3.6% respectively of children in that age group. The region of North Lebanon has the highest proportion of working children with respect to the two age groups 10-13 years and 14-17 years. It is followed by the region of Mount Lebanon, then Beirut, Beqaa and the South. Overall, the districts of Tripoli, Minyeh, Akkar, Baabda, Baalbeck, Zahleh, Saida and Tyre have about 80% of working children aged 10-13 years. In the North, working children are found mostly in the districts of Tripoli, Akkar and Minyeh (91-97% of working children in this region). In the region of Mount Lebanon, the districts of Baabda and Metn have the highest proportion of working children. More specifically, the poor urban neighborhoods of Bab Tebbaneh in Tripoli, Bourj Barajneh in Baabda and Bourj Hammoud in Metn are the worst affected areas in these districts.(UNICEF, 2008, p.1-2) Many children are working 6 days a week and more than 10 hours a day in hard fields especially like agriculture. According to ILO(International Labor Organization office in Beirut): Children are working hard for price of 7 dollars a week sometimes which is unfair. Employer s are interested in hiring teenagers and children under eighteen because they are cheaper especially when their profit are less than expected. Employer does not care about the feelings of the young youths they, keep mistreating them by giving them choirs they cannot handle. Walid a young child living in Tarik al jdideh (Beirut), is a ten year old boy working in a garage. Walid works from 8 am till 6 pm fixing cars and get paid 10 dollars per week. Walid is always complaining of the hard work he is supposed to handle, and from the maltreatment of his boss. Walid is one proof that working children are suffering in Lebanon. Most of these kids are boys, maltreated in several cities and villages in Lebanon whereas they are forced to carry heavy loads, handle chemicals, marble cutting, selling items on roads under bad circumstances and in farms where they are exposed to pesticides. Children laboring in gardening may also be constrained to assemble tobacco, sugar cane, and other crops where they will be subjected to equally harmful conditions. Moreover, kids are obliged to use dangerous machinery, handle toxic chemicals without protective gear; they are also confronting sexual abuse or slavery, especially girls that are sold from their parents to earn extra money. Most of these kids are working in very bad conditions affecting their health, living differently from a normal kid and risking their future. Racha is a good example of a teenager who was forced to depart from her house in the village to work as a housemaid in the industrialized Aley district. Rasha had been raped by the man in the house after several temptations made by him. Sexual abuse of working boys and girls is a crime that will proba bly destroy the life of the young youths. (Alami, 2007, p.1-2) Many children are dropping out from school and leaving their education in order to work and give money for their parents. The learning level of laboring kids is too small comparing to the learning level of the labor force in all areas in Lebanon. The percentage of uneducated worker in the labor force in Lebanon is about 49%, this percentage is 95% concerning children working aged between 10 and 13 years and 84% of those age between 14 and 17 years. (UNICEF, 2008). Yusuf a 12 years old guy who works now in agriculture, is a good example of many kids who left school early and started working. It is the right of the children to get education and go to school instead of that they are facing problems that pushes them to leave school and start working. Many young kids lose their ambitions in order to work and help their fathers. It is unfair for children to drop out from school as their future will be ruined, they will have to work the same work they are working today not having a bachelor degree they wont be able to go further in their lives. It is also unfair for them to miss all the joy of the school days. School days are the best days of a child life as he meets friends in school, develop relations, and learn how to interact with others. School is a basic time needed by the children before getting to the large world of work. (Alami, 2007, p. 2-3) Somehow child labor has a big influence on the society. When the number of working children increases the number of non educated adults will increase, children will be the future of the societies. A society of non educated society is a rural society where people have no respect for each other. You can see that these kinds of societies are the societies where more problems happen, where no one understand the other, and where the neighbor kill his neighbor. As we said before the number of working children is bigger in rural countries of Lebanon like Tripoli, and Bekaa, effectively these are two countries that are full of problems as we see on the news every day. Problems always happen in Tripoli between the people living there; in the Bekaa also car steeling and crimes are very often. Education pushes the society to a higher level, and since education is absent between young working kids their society will be on a lower level than others. Poor societies are societies where most kids st art working early. Such societies will always be poor as no one will get educated enough to get a suitable job. So a main problem of the poor societies in Lebanon is child labor. (Schmitz Traver Larson, 2004) The opposing point of view is the one of the parents of the children and the employers who hires children. Parents when in need oblige their kids to go and get a job in order to make money. Some parents think that their oldest son should leave everything and go to work to help his brothers and sisters. This is common in most Lebanese areas as we see in most families the older son suffers from lack of education. These parents also think that their children are born to serve them and to help them get money to live more comfortably. Some parents that they were also working in very early ages of their life would let their children work in purpose that they will be stronger and more experienced and might be able to easily go over hard situations they may face in the future. Other parents might sell their daughters by saying that they will get married sooner or later so why dont they sell them and earn high revenue of money. Employers also say that they are hiring children who came freely to get work and they are not doing something wrong so they can profit of the low salary these children get which make the cost of the products less and they will be in fewer prices in the market so all the people will also profit. We can see that most restaurants in Lebanon hire young boys for the delivery choirs for example and for serving clients etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Personally I think its very wrong for the parents to let their kids work at young age especially if they work under the supervision of abusing bosses. Kids are suffering in their work as they work in dangerous chemicals and pesticides. Kids have the rights to learn and live their childhood happily and safely. Some employers are criminals because they abuse children; such employers should be caught and arrested because of their actions against children who are so weak to say no or to protest against their parents and bosses. Finally Child labor is a wide problem that should be regulated especially in Lebanon. Children are suffering in their work, dropping out from school early, and infecting the whole society. I think government should work on reducing the number of working children, and to control the hours of work and the salaries. By fixing these issues working children will have better work situation, better opportunities by going to school, having normal life like every teenager should get. It is their right to learn so they can become successful persons in their societies.

Eli Whitney Essay -- essays research papers

By 1790 slavery was on the decline in America. Apart from tobacco, rice, and a special strain of cotton that could be grown only in very few places, the South really had no money crop to export. Tobacco was a land waster, depleting the soil within very few years. Land was so cheap that tobacco planters never bothered to reclaim the soil by crop rotation -- they simply found new land farther west. The other crops -- rice, indigo, corn, and some wheat -- made for no great wealth. Slaves cost something, not only to buy but to maintain, and some Southern planters thought that conditions had reached a point where a slave's labor no longer paid for his care. Eli Whitney came to the south in 1793, conveniently enough, during the time when Southern planters were in their most desperate days. In a little over a week, he started the biggest avalanche of production that any economy had ever experienced. The South would never be the same again. Eli Whitney was born on December 8, 1765 in Westboro, Massachusetts. The tall, heavy-shouldered boy worked as a blacksmith. He had an almost natural understanding of mechanisms. On a machine made at home, he made nails, and at one time he was the only maker of ladies' hatpins in the country. In his early twenties, Whitney became determined to attend Yale College. Since Yale was mostly a school for law or theology, his parents objected. How could Yale College help enhance his mechanical talents? Finally, at the age of twenty-three, Whitney became a student at Yale. By this time, he seemed almost middle-aged to his classmates. After he graduated with his degree in 1792, he found that no jobs were available to a man with his talents. He eventually settled for teaching, and accepted a job as a tutor in South Carolina, his salary was promised to be one hundred guineas a year. He sailed on a small coasting packet with only a few passengers, among whom was the widow of the Revolutionary general, Nathanael Greene. The Greenes had settled in Savannah after the war. When Whitney arrived in South Carolina, he found that the promised salary was going to be halved. He not only refused to take the position, but decided to give up teaching all together. Coming to his aid, Mrs. Greene invited him to her plantation where he could read law, and also help out the plantation manager, Phineas Miller. Miller, a few years older than Whitney, wa... ...housand dollars in bonds from his friends in New Haven, and he personally borrowed ten thousand dollars from the New Haven bank. The sum involved in this big order, $134,000, was the biggest single transaction in the country at that time. By then end of the first year, Whitney was just getting into production, a big accomplishment for those times, but instead of the four thousand muskets he had promised, there were only five hundred produced. When news of this got to Whitney's financial backers, they became doubtful. All in all, it took Whitney almost eight years to fill the entire order. There were still many gaps in his system. There were endless bugs to be worked out, however, most of the ten thousand muskets were produced in the last two years. In 1811, Whitney took another order, this time for fifteen thousand. These were all produced in only two years. Whitney continued on with his development of the factory until his death on January 8, 1825. Unfortunately, Whitney has been all but forgotten. He is mostly remembered as "the cotton man," and nothing else. However, without the ingenuity and dedication of this individual, who knows where the world might be today. Eli Whitney Essay -- essays research papers By 1790 slavery was on the decline in America. Apart from tobacco, rice, and a special strain of cotton that could be grown only in very few places, the South really had no money crop to export. Tobacco was a land waster, depleting the soil within very few years. Land was so cheap that tobacco planters never bothered to reclaim the soil by crop rotation -- they simply found new land farther west. The other crops -- rice, indigo, corn, and some wheat -- made for no great wealth. Slaves cost something, not only to buy but to maintain, and some Southern planters thought that conditions had reached a point where a slave's labor no longer paid for his care. Eli Whitney came to the south in 1793, conveniently enough, during the time when Southern planters were in their most desperate days. In a little over a week, he started the biggest avalanche of production that any economy had ever experienced. The South would never be the same again. Eli Whitney was born on December 8, 1765 in Westboro, Massachusetts. The tall, heavy-shouldered boy worked as a blacksmith. He had an almost natural understanding of mechanisms. On a machine made at home, he made nails, and at one time he was the only maker of ladies' hatpins in the country. In his early twenties, Whitney became determined to attend Yale College. Since Yale was mostly a school for law or theology, his parents objected. How could Yale College help enhance his mechanical talents? Finally, at the age of twenty-three, Whitney became a student at Yale. By this time, he seemed almost middle-aged to his classmates. After he graduated with his degree in 1792, he found that no jobs were available to a man with his talents. He eventually settled for teaching, and accepted a job as a tutor in South Carolina, his salary was promised to be one hundred guineas a year. He sailed on a small coasting packet with only a few passengers, among whom was the widow of the Revolutionary general, Nathanael Greene. The Greenes had settled in Savannah after the war. When Whitney arrived in South Carolina, he found that the promised salary was going to be halved. He not only refused to take the position, but decided to give up teaching all together. Coming to his aid, Mrs. Greene invited him to her plantation where he could read law, and also help out the plantation manager, Phineas Miller. Miller, a few years older than Whitney, wa... ...housand dollars in bonds from his friends in New Haven, and he personally borrowed ten thousand dollars from the New Haven bank. The sum involved in this big order, $134,000, was the biggest single transaction in the country at that time. By then end of the first year, Whitney was just getting into production, a big accomplishment for those times, but instead of the four thousand muskets he had promised, there were only five hundred produced. When news of this got to Whitney's financial backers, they became doubtful. All in all, it took Whitney almost eight years to fill the entire order. There were still many gaps in his system. There were endless bugs to be worked out, however, most of the ten thousand muskets were produced in the last two years. In 1811, Whitney took another order, this time for fifteen thousand. These were all produced in only two years. Whitney continued on with his development of the factory until his death on January 8, 1825. Unfortunately, Whitney has been all but forgotten. He is mostly remembered as "the cotton man," and nothing else. However, without the ingenuity and dedication of this individual, who knows where the world might be today.